{"id":345,"date":"2024-09-26T14:08:03","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T06:08:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hgcpi.com\/?p=345"},"modified":"2024-09-26T14:10:52","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T06:10:52","slug":"%e5%92%8c%e5%85%89%e7%bf%bb%e8%af%91%ef%bd%9c%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb%e5%8f%96%e5%90%91%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%84%e8%8c%83%e5%92%8c%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.hgcpi.com\/?p=345","title":{"rendered":"\u548c\u5149\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff5c\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u6280\u672f\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u81ea\u7531"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u53f2\u8482\u6587.\u5854\u5e03\u6797\uff08Steven Tublin \uff09\u535a\u58eb\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u987e\u8587\u5dcd\uff08\u548c\u5149\u9996\u5c4a\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u9ad8\u9636(\u4e24\u5e74)\u8bad\u7ec3\u9879\u76ee\u5b66\u5458\uff09\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u9f99\u6653\u51e4\uff08\u56db\u5ddd\u548c\u5149\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u3001\u548c\u5149\u9996\u5c4a\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u9ad8\u9636(\u4e24\u5e74)\u8bad\u7ec3\u9879\u76ee\uff09
\n*\u672c\u6587\u7ecf\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6743\u56db\u5ddd\u548c\u5149\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f9b\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

StevenTublinPhD\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n

StevenTublinPhDSteven Tublin\u535a\u58eb\u662fWAWI\uff08\u5a01\u5ec9.\u963f\u5170\u68ee.\u6000\u7279\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\u5206\u6790\u5e08(TA)\u548c\u7763\u5bfc\u5206\u6790\u5e08(SA)\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u540e\u671f\u535a\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6559\u5458\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u6559\u5458\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8eaf\u4f53\u4f53\u9a8c\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8d44\u683c\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u521b\u4f24\u3002\u4ed6\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u591a\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u97f3\u4e50\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8eaf\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u3001\u7763\u5bfc\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0cTublin\u535a\u58eb\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u672c\u6587\u83b7\u5f97\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6388\u6743\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff09\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3001\u60ef\u4f8b\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u66b4\u9732\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u5907\u6ce8\uff1a\u89e3\u51b3\u6027\u522b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u5728\u6587\u4f53\u4e0a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u727a\u7272\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a\u6211\u628a \u201c\u5206\u6790\u5e08 \u201d\u79f0\u4e3a \u201c\u4ed6\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6982\u62ec\u611f\u89c9\u6700\u8212\u670d\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u7537\u6027\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6765\u79f0\u547c\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c06\u60a3\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5316\u6027\u522b\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u75c5\u4eba\u4ed6\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8c08\u8d77\u4f60\u53d4\u53d4\u6211\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9690\u7ea6\u7684\u754f\u60e7\u611f\u201d\uff09\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c08\u8bba\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u201c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u4f53\u9a8c\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u90a3\u6837\u505a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f88\u751f\u6c14\u201d\u3002\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\u4f4f\u4e00\u70b9\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5192\u4e00\u70b9\u9669\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u521a\u521a\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u9762X\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u753b\u9762\u548c\u4f60\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5171\u9e23\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5417\uff1f\u201d(Bollas, 1987; Wilner, 1998, 1999)\u3002
\n\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u504f\u79bb\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u6280\u672f\u2014\u2014\u970d\u592b\u66fc\uff08Hoffman (1994, 1998, 2006, 2009\uff09\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u975e\u5206\u6790\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4f7f\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u80fd\u591f\u3001\u81f3\u5c11\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u5730\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u54a8\u8be2\u5ba4\u4e4b\u5916\u793e\u4f1a\u60ef\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5bf9\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u7684\u504f\u79bb\u3002\u970d\u592b\u66fc\uff081994\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5982\u4eca\u5177\u6709\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u7247\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4f4d\u60ca\u6050\u53d1\u4f5c\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u6253\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd\uff1b\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u68ee\uff08Fredrickson\uff0c1990\uff09\u5199\u5230\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f4d\u60a3\u8005\u5927\u558a\u5927\u53eb\u3002\u73a9\u7b11\u3001\u65c1\u767d\u548c\u5b89\u6170\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u811a\u672c\u7684\u9ed8\u9ed8\u504f\u79bb\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u6cbb\u7597\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5e72\u9884\u90fd\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\uff1a\u6bcf\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u5bfc\u4e34\u5e8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u533a\u5206\u6765\u8bbf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u62b1\u6301\u201d\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Slochower,1996\uff09\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9610\u8ff0\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6(Stern,1983.1997)\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u540c\u827e\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Ehrenberg\uff0c1992)\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u5728\u201c\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u201d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0e\u6765\u8bbf\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u4e14\u966a\u4f34\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6cbb\u7597\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u89e3\u6784\u75c5\u4eba\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8212\u9002\u7684\u3001\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u533b\u751f\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c(Levenson, 1988)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e34\u5e8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4f1a\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff1f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\uff1f\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4ee5\u53ca\uff0c\u4e0e\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u589e\u8fdb\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e25\u683c\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u884c\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u53ea\u662f\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u73b0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6548\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u7684\uff1f\u4e34\u5e8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9075\u5faa\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u6709\u591a\u660e\u786e\u5730\u88ab\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u591a\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u88ab\u9075\u5faa\u5462\uff1f\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u884c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6280\u672f\u539f\u5219\u7684\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u6cbb\u7597\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u6df1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4e00\u76f4\u653e\u5728\u653e\u677e\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0a\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8981\u627e\u5230\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5e73\u8861\u6280\u672f\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u8303\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u5143\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u539f\u5219\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u5173\u4e8e\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6027\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5b9a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6280\u672f\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53c8\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4fee\u6b63\u7406\u8bba\uff08Greenson, 1967; Hansell, 2008)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u89c4\u8303\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7531\u75c5\u4eba\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u75c7\u72b6\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5173\u4e8e\u51b2\u52a8\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6b63\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u4e34\u5e8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u9650\u5236\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u884c\u4e3a\u91cc\u3002\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u9610\u660e\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5168\u77e5\u5168\u80fd\u548c\u5b83\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5206\u6790\u76f8\u9047\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\u3001\u591a\u5143\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bdd\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u81ea\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e00\u8a00\u4ee5\u853d\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u8ba9\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u8ffd\u6c42\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u539f\u751f\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u6b63\u7edf\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u770b\u4f3c\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u9000\u907f\u4e09\u820d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6c99\u5229\u6587\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u9882\u626c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6301\u7eed\u91cd\u89c6\u4e24\u4eba\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u6027(Levenson, 1972; Mitchell 1993, 1997; Wolstein,1994).\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u60c5\u5883\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u53ea\u6301\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e34\u5e8a\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u6f14\uff08\u6d3b\u73b0\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e16\u754c\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e5f\u62e5\u62b1\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5171\u6f14\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6697\u542b\u7740\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u7528\u591a\u4e48\u6e05\u9192\u7684\u5934\u8111\u60f3\u8c61\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\/\u6216\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u56fe\u5f0f\u6240\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d(Levenson, 1972, 1983)\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u89c9\u5bdf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4e92\u52a8\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u5c31\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3(Bass, 2003; Black, 2003; Bromberg, 1998, 2006; Chused, 2003; Hirsch, 1998; Jacobs, 1986, 2001; Maroda, 1991, 1999; Stack, 1998; Stern, 1997, 2003, 2004)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u523b\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u90fd\u88ab\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cc\u65b9\u6240\u5f62\u5851\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53cc\u65b9\u53ea\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u7406\u89e3(Bass, 2003; Renik,1993; Stack, 1998)\u3002\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u4f53\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6982\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u800c\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u65e5\u76ca\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u8bae\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684(Galatzer-Levy, 2002, 2004; Harris,2005; Piers 2005, 2007, Seligman, 2005; Boston Change Process Study Group,1998, 2002, 2005)\u3002\u5373\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u4e92\u52a8\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u5411\u75c5\u4eba\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u7279\u8d28\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u53d8\u5f97\u660e\u6717\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5373\u5c06\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u4e34\u5e8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u56e0\u6b64\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5e94\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u91ca\u3001\u5171\u60c5\u3001\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u81ea\u6211\u66b4\u9732\u6216\u8005\u601d\u7eea\u98d8\u5ffd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e00\u573a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u60c5\u7eea\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u4e8c\u91cd\u594f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u89e3\u79bb\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4ed6\u6216\u8005\u75c5\u4eba\u89e6\u53ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u5f53\u4ed6\u5728\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u884c\u52a8(Austin, 1962; Greenberg, 1996; Searle, 1969)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u89c9\u5bdf\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u9e3f\u6c9f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6000\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u6000\u7591\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u610f\u56fe\u53ca\u5176\u652f\u6301\u6280\u672f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7834\u8bd1\u7684\u8c1c\u56e2\u5f53\u4e2d\uff1a\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u7740\u80af\u5b9a\u8bf4\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u505a\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u53f2\u8482\u6587.\u5854\u5e03\u6797\uff08Steven Tublin \uff09\u535a\u58eb\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u987e\u8587\u5dcd\uff08\u548c\u5149\u9996\u5c4a\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u9ad8\u9636(\u4e24\u5e74)\u8bad\u7ec3\u9879\u76ee\u5b66\u5458 … <\/p>\n

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